A Brief Review and Challenges in Quantum Computing

The reduction in size of transistor every 18 to 24 months has led to improved compactness of electronic devices. However, further transistor size reduction close to an atom presents physical constraints and classical laws invalidity. This motivates the need for shift of focus towards quantum laws or phenomena and led to tremendous research interest in quantum technology both in industry and academia recently. This paper presents critical-review of quantum computing with emphasis on the core principles including quantum laws or postulates while presenting computation models, programming frameworks and their implementation challenges highlighting quantum noise, with the available infrastructure including hardware.