From Deformation to Performance: WO3-Coated Tungsten Emitters Created by Anodization

This study investigates the field emission characteristics of tungsten single-tip field emitters coated with a thin tungsten trioxide (WO
3
) layer. The WO
3
dielectric barrier at the metal-vacuum interface aims to enhance performance by extending operational lifespan and increasing current levels. High-voltage applications risk deforming the emitter tip due to phase transitions to plasma. However, altered tip shapes, formed from evaporation may provide stability and performance benefits. Our results show that emitters with thicker oxide layers after deformation can exhibit stable emission characteristics and higher voltage thresholds, suggesting that oxide-coated tungsten tips can enhance cold field emission properties.