Optimization of Wye-Delta-Type Quantum Hall Resistance Standard

Theoretically wye-delta transformation can be used to realize ultra-high resistances up to PΩ. For graphene-based quantum Hall array resistance standards fabricated to utilize the wye-delta transformation, a few challenges present themselves, including the unique quantized resistance in a graphene Hall bar and the limitation of the area of homogeneous high-quality graphene. In this paper, we discuss approaches to optimize the transformation for quantum Hall array resistance standard and propose a dual-output design for 1 MΩ and 100 MΩ as an alternative to other build-up techniques, shortening the path from quantum resistance standards.