Optimizing Hybrid Energy Storage Dynamics: Modeling and Control of Super-Capacitors Using Buck and Interleaved Buck Converters

The advancement of hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) in applications like mobile robots requires effective control of interface converters to maintain stability and extend the lifespan of the connected energy storage systems. Therefore, this research highlights the importance of precise voltage control at the supercapacitor module and accurate current injection to achieve optimal active filter power fluctuations throughout the system's life cycle. To address these needs, comprehensive models were developed, and from these, transfer functions were derived to fine-tune the control structures. The methodologies proposed significantly enhance the interface converters' responsiveness and efficiency, thereby improving the overall system dynamics. Validations conducted using real-world data demonstrate the model's potential in bolstering system stability and optimizing energy management.