Similarities in Northern Hemisphere Permafrost Ground Temperature and Sea Ice Extent Change from 1997 to 2019

Climate change impact across the Arctic affects specifically the cryosphere, including changes in the ocean as well as on land. Sea ice extent is monitored operationally with satellites. Permafrost ground temperature retrieval from space is limited since it is a subsurface phenomenon and heat transfer needs to be parameterized. Nevertheless, climate data records beca me recently available through the European Space Agency Climate Change initiative covering the years 1997 to 2019. Sea ice extent and ground temperature time series have been compared. The annually available ground temperatures correlate with monthly sea ice extent, with highest values from August to October (R
²
more than 0.8). Regional differences (on land) have been identified across the Arctic.