1. INTRODUCTION
The solar observation geometry is responsible for the directional reflectance exhibited by natural land surfaces. Existing studies have mostly investigated the directional reflectance of various land covers such as vegetation, water, ice, soil, etc., at the near-surface, but experimental data on directional reflectance from satellite images have been less frequently obtained. This is due to the fact that it is difficult to obtain data on the imaging observation of the same feature by satellite pixels under enough observation geometries in short time. The geostationary satellite (e.g. Himawari-8) has brought good observational data for the study of elemental diametric reflection. For a surface target, its observation angle is constant all the time. The high-frequency observations at 10 min intervals every day can reduce the solar angle difference of two adjacent observations to be less than 4°, which consequently improves the angular resolution of the solar observation geometry. Therefore, this paper attempt to collect the directional reflectance dataset from this geostationary satellite data in order to analyze the directional features of typical pixels, and study the angular variation characteristics of land surface reflections with incidence-observation geometry.