Comparing the Use of Controllers and Hand Tracking in a Virtual Reality Nerve Block Simulation

Nerve block (NB) procedures are essential interventions for managing pain by disrupting pain signal transmission along specific nerves. This paper introduces a virtual reality (VR) ultrasound-guided peripheral NB simulation, NBSim, designed for Meta Quest 2 and 3 VR headsets. The simulation aims to evaluate the usability of VR controllers versus hand tracking for manipulating the ultrasound probe and injection needle during NB procedures. A study involving 19 anesthesiology residents randomized into two groups was conducted to assess participant performance and perceptions. Results indicate that while VR controllers may offer slight advantages in ease of use, hand tracking provides a significantly more realistic experience for controlling the needle, crucial for simulating the precision required in NB procedures. Limitations include the small sample size and the need for further research to evaluate long-term skill retention and transferability to clinical practice. Overall, NBSim presents a promising platform for enhancing training in ultrasound-guided NB procedures, with implications for improving clinical outcomes and patient safety.