Nano-technological Synthesis of Wollastonite for High-Efficiency Dry Pressing of Innovative Insulating Bodies for Low Voltage Apparatus

This paper presents a dissertation work focusing on innovating the synthesis of wollastonite through sol-gel nanotechnology for ceramics used in low voltage apparatus. The research addresses the challenges faced by a Bulgarian producer, NIKDIM Ltd. Kazanlak, in manufacturing insulating bodies for low voltage fuses due to the scarcity and costliness of imported raw materials. The study explores alternative materials and innovative production methodologies to meet the increasing demand for low voltage fuses driven by renewable energy sources and electric vehicles. The synthesis process involves preparing solutions of CaO and TEOS, homogenising them, and mixing them with stabilisers to form a transparent sol, which gels at room temperature. The research methods employed include sol-gel synthesis, magnetic stirring, gelation, drying, crushing, thermal treatment, and ball milling, illustrating a comprehensive approach to materials research and development. The results show a synthesis of mono-phase Ca3(SiO3)3 at 1300°C marks a significant advancement in producing high-purity wollastonite materials, which ensures both the crystallinity and industrial applicability of the phase, highlighting the importance of precise temperature control in material preparation. The tests of pressed material confirmed that wollastonite is a superior material for low-voltage fuses, offering enhanced mechanical and thermal properties, greater strength, and lower energy consumption for firing compared to traditional steatite.