A Novel Energy-Efficient and Scalable Clustering-Based Routing Protocol for 3D Under Water Wireless Sensor Network

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) play a crucial role in various aquatic applications, such as environmental monitoring, underwater exploration, and disaster management. One of the major challenges in UWSNs is the limited energy resources of underwater sensor nodes, which necessitates the development of energy-efficient routing protocols to extend network lifetime. This paper introduces a novel clustering-based routing protocol designed specifically for UWSNs to address this challenge. The proposed clustered-based routing protocol, namely Energy-Efficient Scalable Clustering Protocol (EESCP), leverages the benefits of clustering to prolong network lifetime while ensuring scalability and adaptability to dynamically varying environments of UWSN. EESCP employs a multi-hop communication strategy between source and sink to minimize energy consumption with the objective of prolonging the lifetime of underwater sensor nodes. The protocol adapts to changing network conditions by allowing cluster reconfiguration when needed, ensuring robustness and scalability. To evaluate the performance of EESCP, we conducted extensive simulations in various underwater scenarios. The proposed protocol is compared with some of the benchmark protocols such as LEACH, MH-LEACH, SHEENA, etc. The results demonstrate that EESCP outperforms these benchmark protocols.