Developing Tsunami Spatial Vulnerability Index using Satellite Imagery and Geospatial Big Data in Aceh, Indonesia

Being an archipelagic nation, Indonesia experiences frequent natural disasters, such as tsunamis, which may influence infrastructure and facilities in strategic locations. One of the Indonesian provinces with the greatest number of natural disaster casualties is Aceh, which suffered damages to its infrastructure during the tsunami as well as to the country’s economy. According to the most recent research, Aceh Province’s development zones are getting closer to tsunami-risk areas as the likelihood of a tsunami rising annually grows. Disaster damage must be reduced through disaster risk management to solve these issues. This study aims to develop the current tsunami risk index and introduces a Tsunami Spatial Vulnerability Index (TSVI). TSVI is more efficient as it is constructed from timely updated satellite imageries and geospatial big data to measure the potential impact of a tsunami disaster in granular areas. The Spatial Principal Component Analysis (SPCA) method is used to calculate TSVI from the physical components (shoreline distance, elevation, building area density, soil characteristics), social (population density), economic (economic infrastructure distance), and environmental (vegetation density, water cover) components of tsunami vulnerability. The TSVI successfully generated index for each $1 \mathrm{Km}^{2}$ grid in Aceh and aggregated to the level of province, comparing it to the official data. TSVI provides more details and rapid data updates.