SoK: DePIN Data Layer for Modular Blockchain

Blockchain Layer 2 solutions share the goal of moving computational processes and data off-chain. Along with modular design, they are becoming the new norm for blockchain scalability solutions. These approaches provide additional layers built on top of Layer 1 to process transactions more efficiently, relieving congestion on Layer 1. However, within the modular architecture of Layer 2, the data layer introduces trade-offs. One of these trade-offs involves the reliance on third-party decentralized storage services for data availability. These third-party decentralized storage services, while providing benefits for data availability, also introduce potential risks and dependencies. Users may have concerns about data availability, reliability, and security when relying on external storage providers. DePIN leverages blockchain rewards to incentivize the development of physical infrastructure networks. These networks could potentially provide data availability services for blockchain networks. By integrating physical infrastructure with blockchain technology, DePINs can offer reliable and secure data storage solutions that are decentralized and resistant to censorship or manipulation. This paper introduces the concept of using DePIN for the data availability layer in modular blockchain systems. It begins by reviewing the Layer 2 ecosystem and its limitations. The proposed concept could serve as motivation for further research into DePIN-based data layers for blockchain systems.