Performance Comparison of Automatically Generated Topologically Agnostic Patch Antennas

Real-world antenna design typically relies on empirical methods, where the development starts with structure synthesis followed by its iterative adjustments to achieve the desired performance. Although the outlined approach proved to be successful, it is also dependent on engineering experience. Alternatively, development can be performed automatically based on the specifications. In this work, an unsupervised design of topologically agnostic patch antennas is considered. The method involves a random generation of feasible topologies, followed by classification of the designs and their cost-efficient numerical optimization. The outlined framework has been used to determine two sets of geometrically distinct radiators dedicated to work for the frequency ranges of ${5 . 3 - 5 . 9} \mathrm{GHz}$ and ${7 - 8} \mathrm{GHz}$, respectively. The generated antennas have been compared in terms of the electrical and radiation performances. The results indicate that the use of free-form topologies has a notable effect on the performance of antennas developed to operate in the given frequency spectrum.