An Improved 24μA ±0.5148% High-Precision Bandgap Current Reference integrated with 24mV Voltage Reference

Thispaper examines the development of a current reference system engineered to generate a constant output current, irrespective of temperature fluctuations, power supply variations, and process deviations. Termed as a ‘Bandgap reference source’ (BGR), the circuit derives its name from its ability to imitate the bandgap energy of silicon semiconductor material, mainly at room temperature. The paper explores theoretical concepts, design considerations, and practical implementations of this bandgap current reference. The system integrates high-precision compensation circuits and nonlinear temperature compensation techniques to achieve a reference current theoretically independent of temperature variations. Through analysis and simulations, the paper establishes the system’s ability to recover to environmental and operational changes, showing its applicability in different settings where precision and stability in current references are essential. The current reference system consistently delivers an output of $24 \mu \mathrm{A}$ with supply voltage of 3.3 V. It possesses a temperature coefficient of $29.401 \mathrm{ppm} /{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, resulting in a current fluctuation of 124 nA.