Dynamic Traffic Management and Prioritization for Emergency Vehicles using IoT-enabled Density Control

- The project's goal is to create a density-based dynamic traffic signal system that can adjust the signal's timing based on the amount of traffic at any particular junction. As traffic congestion is a major problem in the majority of cities around the world, keeping smart traffic flow on the roads is essential as it helps both citizens and security agencies. The traffic signals continuously turn green or red, and the signals for traffic need to change based on how many vehicles are present in the area. The green lights should be on longer in situations where there is a lot of traffic going in one way, and the red lights should stay on longer in situations where there is less traffic. The first should be given to emergency vehicles like ambulances and fire extinguishing engines. Consequently, the idea suggested here is a system in which the length of the green and red light timings is controlled by the volume of traffic at that particular time. If an emergency vehicle is in a lane, that lane is cleared before any other. The implementation of IoT technology is key to our solution. It allows for wireless connectivity between devices that can be monitored and controlled from anywhere, at any time. We use this technology to connect IR sensors that measure the density of vehicles on the road. Additionally, a camera takes pictures of emergency vehicles which are processed in the server by using image processing techniques where the image is processed and calibrated so that signal is sent to the server. The information about emergency vehicles and the density of traffic on each road is then sent to a microcontroller, specifically the ESP32. The microcontroller uses this information to determine the optimal time for green lights, thereby reducing traffic and pollution.