Modeling THz Antennas: Overcoming Design Challenges and Advancing Technologies

The transition towards terahertz (THz) frequencies is driven by the quest for solutions to challenges posed by conventional frequency regimes. While THz frequencies offer unprecedented opportunities, they present significant design challenges for antennas, primarily due to material limitations and limited atmospheric propagation. This review exclusively focuses on THz antennas, delving deeply into various modeling approaches. Its aim is to contribute to the optimal realization of THz antennas, thereby providing informed insights for advancing technologies harnessing this frequency range. By identifying fundamental structural differences in THz antennas and exploring specific modeling challenges, this study seeks to inform the design of antennas tailored for specific applications. The anticipated findings will directly impact engineering practices related to antenna design in the context of THz frequencies.