An improvement performance of a novel triple-band microstrip antenna design based on a hexagonal patch and truncation in the ground for RF energy harvesting systems

The design of a three-band, belonging to the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical band, microstrip antenna for 2.45 GHz, 4.6 GHz, and 5.8 GHz usable for radio-frequency (RF) energy harvesting applications is investigated in this work. The developed design used a hexagonal patch printed on a Rogers RT-Duroid 5880 substrate of thickness 1.57 mm and a relative permittivity equal to 2.2 with a truncated ground plane using the defected ground structure technique. The width of the band of the constructed antenna (for return loss less than −10 dB) is 140.10 MHz at $2.45 \mathrm{GHz}, 116.80 \mathrm{MHz}$ at 4.6 GHz, and 164.50 MHz at 5.8 GHz. The antenna has satisfactory gain values of $5.59 \mathrm{dBi}, 3.44 \mathrm{dBi}$, and 3.86 dBi at the corresponding three resonating frequencies. The antenna has satisfactory radiation efficiency values of 97%, 89%, and 85% at the desired three operating frequencies. This antenna is designed and simulated using CST-MWS (Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio) and HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator). In light of these results, this proposed antenna design is more suitable for various wireless power transmission applications particularly rectenna systems.