Localization of Microcell Models by Integrating Measured and Simulated Data

This paper delves into microcell scenarios where the heights of both the base station and mobile station antennas are situated below the rooftop level. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset of measured data, this research conducts an in-depth analysis of four eminent propagation models: the free space path loss model, the log-distance path loss model, the close-in free space reference distance path loss model, and the multi-slope path loss model. This analysis entails a rigorous comparison between empirical observations and the theoretical predictions rendered by these models. It is observed that, under line-of-sight (LOS) scenarios, the multi-slope path loss model offers predictions that exhibit a higher degree of congruence with the empirical data. Simultaneously, in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios, the close-in free space reference distance path loss model demonstrates superior accuracy. The study advocates for specific enhancements to these models to bolster their applicability and precision in both LOS and NLOS scenarios. Furthermore, the refined path loss models are employed to rectify and mitigate errors inherent in the ray tracing model, which arise due to generalized modeling approaches and inaccuracies in environmental parameters. The culmination of this research is the attainment of predictive results with a standard deviation less than 6 dB from the measured data, thereby affirming their suitability for the prediction of local wave propagation.