Synthesis of Ultra-wideband Beam Scanning Sparse Planar Antenna Arrays by Iterative Convex Optimization with Fermat Spiral Initialization

In this work, a novel method is proposed to synthesize ultra-wideband (UWB) beam scanning sparse planar antenna arrays with the suppressed sidelobe level (SLL). The analytical Fermat spiral Initialization is utilized to generate the initial element positions, and the element spacing between neighboring elements is controlled. To further reduce SLL, element position perturbation is introduced for each element, and an iterative convex optimization (ICO) method is used to continuously optimize the element positions. Meanwhile, several constraints are incorporated into the ICO process, including the first-order Taylor expansion accuracy, minimum element spacing and array size constraints. An example for synthesizing UWB beam scanning sparse planar arrays with various array sizes, work frequency bands and beam scanning ranges is provided to validate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.