Design and Simulation of a Monofilar Helical Antenna for 5G and Beyond Applications

The helical antenna has been a staple in wireless communication applications for many years, particularly in very high and ultra-high frequency operations. Among a lot of variants one specific variant is the Monofilar Helical Antenna (MHA), characterized by a single conductor arranged in the form of a helix. In this paper, an MHA has designed using pure copper (99%) with a total length of 532.77 mm, operating within the C Band with a frequency range of 4-8 GHz. The resonance frequency was specifically set at 5.8 GHz. The dielectric material and conductor coating were made of FR4 epoxy (Lossy) and Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC), respectively, the latter serving as an excellent insulator. A coaxial feeding port was implemented at the bottom of the conductor. Simulated in the far field region, the monofilar helical antenna exhibited an S parameter of -25 dB, making it highly suitable for wideband and wireless communication applications. The VSWR measured at 1.01 indicated a near-perfect impedance match, ensuring higher efficiency. At the resonant frequency, the antenna demonstrated a directivity of 13.59 dBi, outperforming other antennas, with a main lobe magnitude of 11.6 dB and a gain of 11.53 dB, attesting to its exceptional performance. The ten turns of the helix and a circular aluminum ground plane contributed to the overall design, with other parameters calculated through mathematical analysis.