Pilot Study on Residential Measures Against Unpredictable Outages with Batteries and Photovoltaics Considering Necessary Loads

Sudden natural disasters such as earthquakes sometimes cause a sudden blackout in the power grid, and households suffer unpredictable outages. This paper aims to determine res-idential measures against unpredictable outages using batteries and photovoltaics (PVs), This paper focuses on the effect of the SoC margin that the battery keeps its state-of-charge (SoC) high in the normal state, and the operation of the battery is simulated by an optimization problem considering the predictability of outages. This paper also introduces three resilience indices to quantify the duration, the maximum power, and the weighted energy of a supply shortage. As a result, the SoC margin reduces a supply shortage of important demand during an outage, and a 40% SoC margin reduces the outage cost by half in a 24-hour unpredictable outage. The SoC margin also improves the worst 5% value of resilience indices, especially in the weighted energy of a supply shortage, by half with a 40% SoC margin. However, the yearly electricity cost increases by 16% with a 40% SoC margin, so the SoC margin has an economic tradeoff.