Impact of Neuro/placebo-feedback on The Performance of Attention: Subjective and Objective Considerations

Neurofeedback training (NFT), as a method of self-regulating brain activity, may be beneficial in improving subjective and objective attentional performance or attentional network efficiency. In this pilot study, we investigated how sensorimotor (SMR)/theta NFT or placebo-feedback training (PFT) can improve the attentional performance and the electrical activity of the brain. An experimental program of attention training based on the Electroencephalogram (EEG) neurofeedback method, 5 sessions of neurofeedback training, and a total of 5 weeks was designed. We use response time of attention network test (ANT) and completion time of Schulte grids to measure objective attentional performance, and three attention scales to measure subjective attentional performance. The results showed that subjects in the NFT group had a significant improvement in SMR/theta and SMR power, but not theta power. Whereas PFT did not improve these three rhythms Subjective attention scores improved in the NFT and PFT groups, with significant decreases in response time for both Schulte’s square and ANT. The NFT group showed a statistically significant improvement in executive control network whereas PFT did not. NFT could be seen as a useful non-invasive, non-pharmacological tool to strengthen the executive control network, enabling people to improve cognitive flexibility.