GNSS-5G Hybrid Positioning and Adaptive Switchover Strategy Based on Observable Data for Smart Logistics

With the rapid advancement of smart logistics, the demand for precise and continuous positioning has significantly increased. The integration of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and fifth-generation (5G) positioning has attracted substantial attention due to its promising capabilities and cost-effectiveness. To facilitate continuous tracking of logistics items in both indoor and outdoor environments, it is essential to explore the positioning switchover strategy. This paper analyzes the requirements of smart logistics and the prevalent positioning technologies. Then, a GNSS-5G hybrid positioning architecture is considered for the logistics industry. Furthermore, an adaptive positioning switchover strategy based on observable data is proposed, accompanied by a GNSS-5G hybrid positioning case to illustrate the positioning workflow. Finally, the comprehensive analysis of the positioning performance of GNSS and 5G in various scenarios is conducted, which enriches research for future development of positioning technology.