An Extensive study on Energy Efficient Clustering and Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)

Over the course of the last several decades, a significant amount of research effort has been carried out to construct wireless sensor networks (WSN) for a broad range of applications. These applications include monitoring agriculture, environment, healthcare, military applications and many more. At present, academics and researchers are focusing on finding solutions to a variety of research problems that are associated with this technological sector. A few of the challenges that researchers must overcome include the development of low-cost and low-power mobile devices, network topologies, deployment techniques, and data routing protocols that are efficient in terms of energy consumption respectively. There has already been a significant amount of research conducted in each of the aforementioned domains on their own, but there are only a handful of research publications or pieces of literature that detail study work that has been conducted in two or more areas simultaneously. Only the simulation work is investigated in the current body of literature, and only a few authors have described the whole design, development, and deployment of WSN. This article provides a comprehensive overview in the form of a literature review, beginning with the design of the mote and finishing with the application that is linked with WSN.