Overview and Performance Analysis of Various Waveforms in High Mobility Scenarios

In the high-mobility scenarios of next-generation wireless communication systems (beyond 5G/6G), the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) deteriorates drastically due to the loss of orthogonality between the subcarriers caused by large Doppler frequency shifts. Various emerging waveforms have been proposed for fast time-varying channels with excellent performance. In this paper, we classify these waveforms from the perspective of their modulation domain and establish a unified framework to provide a comprehensive system structure comparison. Then we analyze their bit error rate (BER) performance in doubly selective channels. Based on the discussions on their complexity and compatibility with OFDM systems, we finally give some candidate waveform suggestions.