A Comprehensive Review on Roadmap to Seaports: Methodologies, Area of Use, and Purposes

The maritime sector is experiencing significant change, creating challenges and opportunities for seaports. This review explores the evolving landscape of seaports by analyzing various academic papers, providing a roadmap for understanding their changing nature. This paper examines the historical development of seaports, focusing on the latest fifth generation, emphasizing sustainability, intelligent services, and community engagement. The introduction of All-Electric Ships and the growing need for sustainability requires innovative strategies. This study suggests two solutions: two-stage robust voltage control and flexible management approaches. Through keyword analysis, the review identified three primary research themes: methodologies used in ports, their purpose, and the adoption of smart control technologies. Each theme is thoroughly explored in subsequent sections, offering a detailed examination based on papers sourced from IEEE Explore spanning the years 2000 to 2023.