A Comprehensive Approach to Energy Management in Smart Cities Across Different Sectors

The substantial population growth and economic expansion have led to a significantly increased demand for both energy and water. In addition, new energy-intensive technologies such as electric vehicles are rapidly increasing worldwide. Consequently, the concept of a multi-energy management system has emerged as the most effective approach to bridging the gap between the different energy sectors. In this paper, a new approach is presented for concurrently optimizing encompassing the electric grid and its demand, energy-intensive water desalination equipment, renewable resources, and electric vehicles. The approach takes advantage of the inherent physical flexibility found in reverse osmosis (RO) desalination systems and makes use of the stored energy within electric vehicle batteries to reduce energy and operational costs. To achieve this, we introduce a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) method for planning the integrated systems' day-ahead operation. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.