Differential Voltage Controlled Ring VCO with No Feedback Loop Technique for Radio Frequency Applications

The essential parts of such as phase-locked loops, signal generators, and signal processors are oscillators. VCOs need to be carefully designed because they operate in the high-frequency range and use the highest amount of power. A very wide output frequency range of 0.029 GHz to 12.89 GHz is demonstrated by the operation outcomes of the proposed VCO, which has been implemented in 90 nm CMOS technology. Its phase noise is — 43.38 dBc/Hz @ 1MHz offset and its power utilisation ranges from 0.0037 mW to 2.52 mW. For this differential ring VCO, the figure of merit (FoM) is −122.821 dBc/Hz.