I. Introduction
A developed country's highway network spans thousands of centerline kilometers, comprising asphalt, concrete, or composite pavements that vary in age, condition, and performance. To effectively manage these diverse road systems, various maintenance programs have emerged. These programs aim to monitor ongoing performance, predict future conditions, aid investment planning, and identify necessary rehabilitation and maintenance measures. One such initiative is the Long-Term Pavement Performance Program (LTPP) established by the United States Department of Transportation. This active program focuses on comprehensive data collection, storage, analysis, and product development for both the United States and Canada [1]. Central to the LTPP is the assessment of pavement surface conditions, emphasizing the need for accurate measurements of distresses such as cracks, potholes, and other critical indicators [2].