Risk ontology development from a system of systems framework for engineering projects

Complex engineering projects (CEP) delivered by alliance is a form of system of systems with intricate interactions and are inevitably plagued with diverse risks. This research adopts the system modeling approach to develop an alliance risk ontology framework, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method for alliance risk extraction, and NVivo qualitative analysis for data analytics and risk visualization. The research developed the System of Systems (SOS) alliance risk ontology framework and found two hundred and seven alliance risks from interactions of systems. Research provides the fundamental framework for risk categorization, analytical depth, and data treatment method, which can be significant to pre-analyze and mitigate critical risks in engineering projects involving alliances.