Ensuring Authenticity, Safety, and Traceability of Seeds in the Agricultural Supply Chain: A Blockchain Revolution

The recent surge in technological advancements, particularly in blockchain and smart contracts, has profoundly impacted various industries, notably the financial sector, giving rise to a new crypto-economy. This shift has paved the way for decentralized applications, driven by the emergence of smart contracts designed to facilitate negotiations and agreements without the requirement for a reliable third party. However, despite the promising aspects of smart contracts, concerns persist, ranging from security threats to legal issues. This paper presents a meticulous survey of blockchain-enabled smart contracts, offering a taxonomy and categorization of existing solutions while identifying challenges and future trends. The commercialization of agricultural technology has fueled a growing interest in agricultural data. The chaotic nature of these data, coupled with concerns about authenticity, has led to the proposal of a novel blockchain architecture safeguarding the integrity of agricultural data. The architecture integrates traditional farming systems with blockchain and smart contracts, utilizing sensors for environmental data. The proposed proof-of-concept addresses prior flaws, ensuring secure data storage and automated processes through smart contracts, enhancing efficiency and security in the agri-supply chain. Addressing concerns in supply chain transparency and consumer safety, this research suggests a blockchain-based system for tracing product origin. Utilizing algorithms and serial blockchain, the system aims to provide greater rivalry among wholesalers and food security, emphasizing the necessity of traceability, particularly in the agri-food industry.