A Comprehensive Study of Noise Models Simulation Using Various Quantum Simulators

Leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, quantum computing become a rapidly evolving research field that solves certain types of problems exponentially faster than classical computers. In quantum computing quantum bits (qubits) can represent multiple states simultaneously using superposition and entanglement. Any disturbance or tampering of information on quantum bits will be easily detectable by the rules of quantum mechanics. This is an essential property and can be utilized in quantum communication. In free space communication, photon polarization and quantum key distribution (QKD) secure the information. However, noise, such as channel and circuit noise, also disturbs flawless communication. This research thoroughly studies a single photon-based protocol, BB84 in its ideal state and injected with noises. The objective of the paper is to induce parametrized noise to observe the effect in various cloud platforms with three different simulators, IBM QASM, CDAC QSim, and AWS Braket. Next, it presents a comprehensive study of the simulation of parametrized noise, bit flip, with the detailed setup and characteristics of these simulators.