Modelling the TCLs Considering the Effect of Uneven Ground Heat Transfer

The utilization of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) plays an important role for grid regulation reserves. However, existing TCL models usually ignore the heat transfer through the roof and the ground, resulting in an overestimation of TCLs' regulation capacity. In this paper, an indoor temperature dynamic model accounting for ground heat transfer was developed to describe the relationship between indoor temperature and the external environment. Then, an intelligent building demand response model that utilizes TCLs for peak shaving is proposed based on the indoor temperature dynamic model. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through numerical simulations.