Energy Efficient Approaches for Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) play a crucial role in monitoring environmental conditions across diverse domains, including military operations, healthcare, agriculture, and disaster management. These networks consist of miniature wireless sensor nodes, each powered by a limited-lifespan battery. The key challenge in designing protocols and applications for WSN lies in ensuring longevity and dependability with a primary focus on energy consumption minimization and network lifetimeenhancement.This study aims to explore prevalent strategies of energy-efficient routing protocols to optimize node energy utilization. By delving into these protocols, we intend to uncover effective approaches that contribute to prolonging the life of WSNs.