Square Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna-Array With Defected Ground Structure: Versatile Design for Emerging 5G Communication Technologies and Beyond

This study introduces a microstrip patch antenna array with a defective ground structure, arranged in a 4X4 square configuration. The antenna array is specifically developed for wireless communication applications within the frequency range of 4 GHz to 8 GHz. The resonant frequency of the antenna is measured to be 5.82 GHz, resulting in a maximum gain of 2.7218 dBi. Additionally, the antenna exhibits a significant bandwidth of 881 MHz. The design demonstrates enhanced performance by using the concepts of a λ/4 transformer for square patch antennas. The antenna is constructed utilising a FR-4 Epoxy substrate, and it is subjected to thorough testing and comparison with a 4X4 rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The results indicate that there are extensive potential uses for these discoveries in the field of new communication technology.