Electrodes, Front-end and Downstream Applications for the Mobile ECG

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of human death globally. The Electrocardiogram (ECG) has been a cornerstone for detecting and diagnosing such conditions for a long time. Thanks to the development of communication technology and electrode technology, ECG monitor development to be more lifelike and insensitive to provide early heart attack detection. In this case, the circuit design becomes more complex in balancing the noise, power consumption, and area. This article introduced existing electrodes containing contact electrodes and non-contact electrodes recording ECG signal, high-performing circuit techniques including amplification, OTA, driven-right-leg circuit structure, and the updated downstream applications in a smartwatch, car, and bed. This work can provide suggestions for future work directions and provide a reference for relevant practitioners and researchers.