Inclusion of AGC Models in a Reduced Model of the Spanish Electric Power System

This paper shows the inclusion of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) models in a reduced model of the Spanish electric power system, formed by twelve 400 kV buses, 10 for Spain, 1 for Portugal and 1 for Central Europe. An AGC is considered for Portugal and an equivalent AGC for Central Europe. The Spanish AGC is hierarchical, and: a) it is formed by an area controller, which sends control signals to subordinated controllers in control zones; b) four control zones were modeled, 3 for the main generation companies and 1 for the rest; c) participation factors are different for deviations in frequency and power; d) deviations from scheduled generation are actually included in definitions of area control errors. The effect of filters for measurements and for control purposes is shown. The bias constants were firstly selected as the required values to compensate frequency and power deviations in steady state for external events, and the effect of selecting other bias constants is subsequently shown. Different events were modeled, such as generation outages and demand ramps, and the effect of limits in available power generation is also shown.