Block-based Fragile Image Watermarking based on SVD-LSB and Chaos System

This research proposes a fragile image watermarking method with a combination of spatial and transformations based on singular value decomposition (SVD) and a least significant bit (LSB). Before the watermark is embedded, the cover image is processed in two stages of scrambling, the first stage is carried out on pixels, and the second stage is carried out on a 3×3 block basis. The watermark is embedded with an XOR operation between the watermark and the authentication bit. The authentication bits are generated from the beta chaotic map, the singular matrix image block and the image block group. Based on the test results, this method can detect the tamper well with a true positive rate (TPR) of more than 93 and a false positive rate (FPR) of less than six. The proposed method is also quite robust because the extracted watermark still gets a correlation coefficient value of more than 0.7 after various attacks being tested for various attacks such as adding noise, cropping and tampering.