Tailored Acoustic Holograms with Phased Arrays

Advances in phased array of transducers (PATs) allow for precise control of each element's phase and amplitude and can consist of hundreds of transducers. The widely adopted Gerchberg-Saxton type of algorithms do not provide sufficient accuracy for complex control tasks like formation of detailed holograms as they perform well only for a small number of control points with respect to the number of transducers. Here we present an efficient PATs amplitude and phase solver based on the iterative first-order gradient optimization of the user defined loss function (APGO). We demonstrate high resolution hologram reconstruction when the number of control points is 25 times the number of transducers.