EKF-based Geolocation using TDOA/FDOA Measurements in Dual-Satellite

In this paper, we propose extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based geolocation using time difference of arrival (TDOA)/frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements in geosynchronous orbit (GSO) dual-satellite. In the International Telecommunications Union (ITU)-R, a dual satellite system is usually considered for geolocation, and both TDOA and FDOA are measured to estimate the source's location in real-time. However, real-time geolocation of the moving source using limited measurements is severe and challenging. To solve this problem, we design a practical system model by following ITU-R standardization. Then, we adapt EKF, which is suitable for the non-linear system, for the geolocation using limited measurements (TDOA/FDOA). Through analytic and numerical studies, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme by comparing source tracking with the actual trajectory.