A GIS-based approach to assessing large-scale building-integrated photovoltaic generation: a case study of Milan, Italy

The paper aims at presenting a Geographic Information System approach to assessing large-scale building-integrated photovoltaic production. A hierarchical approach has been implemented to estimate the available rooftop surface feasible for photovoltaic generation starting from the building area. Some factors such as the type of rooftop, the area already occupied by other rooftop elements, shading effects, etc., are considered in the calculation. Moreover, the potential photovoltaic production is computed using solar radiation data and the expected PV energy production and power installed. Modules and system conversion efficiency, orientation etc., are considered. The methodology has been tested in the real case of Milan, Italy, using open-source data available on government websites and technical information related to the specific case study. The outputs of the analysis show a not negligible potential impact on the Milan distribution network and as well as on the bulk power system.