DASK: Driving-Assisted Secret Key Establishment

Low-cost and easily obtained Global Navigation Satellite System (e.g., GPS) receivers are broadly embedded into various devices for providing location information. In this work, we develop a secret key establishment by utilizing the driving data obtained from GPS. Those data may exhibit randomness as the driver may alternatively step on the accelerator and brake pedals from time to time with varying force in order to adapt to the road traffic during driving. A driving vehicle provides a physically secure boundary as the devices co-located within the vehicle can observe common GPS data, as opposed to devices that do not experience the trip. We implement this key establishment in a real-world environment on top of off-the-shelf GPS-equipped devices as well as widely deployed GPS modules each connected with Raspberry Pi. Extensive experimental results show that when a user drives around 1.36 km for 1.32 minutes on average under moderate traffic conditions, two legitimate GPS-equipped devices in the vehicle can successfully establish a 128-bit secret key. Meanwhile, an attacker following the target vehicle is unable to establish a secret key with the legitimate devices.