Multiband Fractal Antenna for 26/28 GHz Millimeter Wave Band

This article presents the design and simulation of a unique multiband microstrip patch antenna, using the star hexagon fractal concept. The significant contribution in this work is the logical modifications in the existing fractal design geometry with a rectangular notch. The configuration of the proposed design has a substrate of FR-4 epoxy having a thickness of 1.6 mm, a dielectric constant of 4.4, and a loss tangent of 0.02. Simulated using High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software, the parameters of the proposed antenna were well optimized so it would be suitable to be operated in the frequency range from 24.9 GHz to 28.1 GHz with an overall bandwidth of 3.2 GHz. The designed antenna is remarkably compact, having the size of just 15 mm X 15 mm, which produces a peak gain of 4.688 dB at 28 GHz. Having resonant frequencies at 26/28 GHz, this antenna finds application in fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication millimeter wave (mmWave) band roll out in Malaysia and Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS).