Effects of Istanbul's Weather on Free-Space Optical Communications

One of the most important wireless communication technologies for future communication generations is free-space optics (FSO). It is distinguished from radio frequencies (RF) communication by the simplicity of installation, low cost per bit ratio, and high bandwidth of broadband communications networks. The biggest difficulty with FSO is the weather. When the medium of communication is in the atmosphere, weather disturbances such as fog, smog, snow, rain, and dust particles may cause FSO networks to be unavailable and not sufficiently reliable in unsuitable conditions. This paper aims to investigate the distinctive climatic conditions that have an impact on FSO communications, such as attenuation caused by geometry, molecular, atmosphere, fluorescence, snow, and rain in Istanbul, given its privileged location that connects the continents of Asia and Europe, which nominates it to be a conduit for transferring data between the world. As an alternative to optical cables and wireless communication.