I. Introduction
Tuberculosis is a respiratory infectious disease caused by M. tuberculosis infection of lung tissue, it has created a global, disruptive, and long-lasting public health crisis. In 2019, an estimated 10 million people worldwide were infected with Tuberculosis (TB), most TB cases are mainly located in Southeast Asia. For example, India accounts for 26% of the world's infected people, ranking first [1]. Due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the application of immunosuppressants, poverty, and population mobility, tuberculosis has become the primary recurring infectious disease and the most serious global health problem in the world, especially in developing countries. There are some technologies for TB diagnosis, such as Digital Radiography (DR) [2], Computed Tomography (CT), interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), Purified Protein derivatives (PPD), Sputum bacterial smear test, etc. Sputum smear microscopy is the mainstay of TB screening in low- and middle-income settings because it is atraumatic and inexpensive to produce. M. tuberculosis is an acid-fast bacillus, and the background of sputum smears stained with acid-fast stains is blue, while M. tuberculosis is red. The detection process will use the equipment and materials shown in Fig. 1.