A pictogram creation framework for real and virtual worlds and evaluation of viewpoint elements

Visiting a new facility, we sometimes use guide signs to help us reach our destination. Pictograms that are easily recognizable play a role in such signs. A previous study by us dealt with the selection of content elements for creating pictograms. In this study, we propose a pictogram creation method applicable to facility information signs in the real and virtual worlds. The pictogram creation process, focusing on the selection of viewpoint elements, was also discussed. We created pictograms with back, side, and diagonal viewpoints for six facilities to investigate the effects of focusing on the yaw viewing angle, which is the case when there is no overlap between the pictogram objects. We evaluated these pictograms using an index called visual typicality. The results showed that the pictograms with side and diagonal viewpoints had no significant impact. Despite the accompanying limitations, it is a useful finding that the small effect of angular direction in the real world suggests that it also has little impact on pictogram content production and placement in the virtual world.