Spectrum Sensing Enhancement Based on Segmentation of the Confused Regions

Cognitive radio is a new technology that aims to make the most of the limited spectrum available. The main component of cognitive radio is spectrum sensing. The Two Thresholds Based on Covariance Absolute Values (TTCAV) method. One of the disadvantages of this method is that it has a confusing region that does not know whether it is a signal or noise. To solve this problem proposed two techniques a 2-bit quantization technique that divides the confused region into four equal areas to obtain three subthreshold, and a 3-bit quantization technique that divides the confusing region into eight equal areas and gets seven subthreshold. Both techniques use an adaptive threshold that changes according to the received signal. The simulation results that were conducted using Matlab 2021b show an improvement in the detection probability values before and after using the techniques, where the value of Pd = 99.7% for a 2-bit technique, Pd=100% for a 3-bit quantization technique, and Pd = 93.7 for TTCAV, at SNR = -18 under noise uncertainty Ni = 1.46dB, and Binary Phase Shift Keying modulation BPSK. According to the simulation, the results after using the proposed techniques are better than before.