Design of a Reverberation Chamber for lyophilization: Finite-Element Based Approach

This paper examines the field intensity and uniformity inside a reverberation chamber for lyophilization processes. Simulation results, validated by experiments, show that double-ridge horn antennas outperform monocone antennas in electric field uniformity and intensity. Moreover, we also show that the angular position of the horn antenna has a significant impact on the electric field properties. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that significant improvements in terms of process uniformity are possible when RF waves are employed in freeze-drying of pharmaceutical products.