An Enhanced Wireless Sensor Monitoring System to Combat Underground Copper Cable Theft

An enhanced low-cost ultra wideband omnidirectional antenna to optimise the function of the entire underground Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is designed to help combat underground copper cable theft. To evaluate the proposed solution, two 3D electromagnetic computers, allowing the allowing network simulation of the WSNs antennas using High-Frequency Structure Simulator Software (Ansys HFSS). In addition, Ansys HFSS was used to perform numerical simulation in order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed Square Slotted Monopole Antenna (SSMA) with that of traditional directional antennas called Circular Monopole Antenna with Slots (CMAS). The simulation results proved that the proposed SSMA antennas design has a high-frequency depth, increased dispersion of the transmitted signals as well as their spreading. For a depth of 30 cm, the results obtained have shown an average fidelity of 0.9 and a spreading factor of 1.5, which is higher than the traditional CMAS, which obtained less than 1 spread factor and less than 1.7 fidelity.