Towards Intelligent Noninvasive Closed-loop Neuromodulation Systems

Neuromodulation is an effective method to treat various kinds of brain diseases. It has drawn significant attention in academic research and the medical market and has become a rapidly developing area of medicine. However, current neuromodulation technologies face bottlenecks such as high cost, bulky, and lack of intelligent closed-loop for patient-specific treatments. These bottlenecks further limit the widespread use of neuromodulation technologies. Fortunately, these challenges, in turn, drive the advancement in integrated circuits and systems designs for biomedical applications. This paper presents recent research on IC development that is relevant to addressing the abovementioned challenges, emphasizing closing the loop with on-chip artificial intelligence (AI). Our current research will be presented as a case study to demonstrate how dedicated IC designs and AI can benefit the development of an intelligent and miniaturized closed-loop neuromodulation system. The challenges and emerging directions for the development of circuits and systems for neuromodulation technologies are summarized in the concluding remarks.