Material Properties and Tool selection for Friction Stir Welding: A Review

Friction Stir Welding is one of the joining techniques of solid-state materials. Friction Stir Welding is used to replace rivets joints in the aeronautical industry. It contains a rotating non-flammable part for joining the metal substances, which can be similar or dissimilar. The joining process carried out by generating frictional heat. Conventional welding has many difficulties, which can be minimized by the use of friction stir welding as it can weld dissimilar alloys. Fabrication industries are accepting the use of this type of technology. This paper gives a complete overview of Friction Stir Welding. The process parameters, microstructural characterization, properties of the tool, tool Material, tool wear, tool shape and design of the Friction Stir Welding process were reviewed. Various combinations of Workpiece materials and tool materials along with the spindle rotation and frictional speed were reviewed and presented.